Growing Up free essay sample

This short story takes a gander at kids and two of Carys ovels were straightforwardly worried about youth. Subjects Children and growing up is the focal topic of this story, for what it's worth with a few of different stories in the Anthology. Be that as it may, the focal character is a grown-up thus it interfaces well with Flight, where the story follows the feelings of a granddad attempting to acknowledge his granddaughters prospective marriage. Your Shoes likewise has a focal storyteller, in spite of the fact that that story is written in the primary individual. This short story is positively worried about connections between the ages. Youngsters as a dangerous orce show up in Growing Up, in the came way that the kid in Chemistry has an inclination to harm his moms sweetheart. Superman and Paula Browns new Snowsuit likewise inspects the subject of the ruinous intensity of youngsters. Grown-ups attempting to comprehend the conduct of youngsters are a focal issue in Growing Up, as they additionally are in Superman and Paula Browns New Snowsuit. We will compose a custom article test on Growing Up or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Notes The main section sets up the focal character, an agent Robert Quick. He is named, not normal for the unknown focal characters of a few of these accounts. He is depicted as an ordinary businessperson, in a dim suit and cap. Fundamentally, he sheds a portion of his proper garments as he goes into the nursery, maybe speaking to that the standards and qualities he will experience there are a long way from enlightened. Ls. 7 19 The nursery is depicted as a Wilderness. It has been ignored in light of the fact that Mr and Mrs. Speedy are too occupied to even think about tending it. It has recommendations of different nurseries, maybe the Garden of Eden, or Paradise. Maybe additionally there is a proposal that Mr and Mrs. Brisk are excessively occupied to other acculturating their little girls, Just as they have overlooked their nursery? Could the story represent the wild, untamed nature of the youngsters who go out of control in it? l. 23 a recommendation of the wilderness, primitive woodlands.. Cary indications that there might be the chance of dread and threat in the nursery. It's anything but a position of simple solace, as Mr. Fast thinks. L 27 the kids have recently delighted in a cozy relationship with their dad and have made a whine of him when he gets back. Nonetheless, this appears differently in relation to the manner in which they overlook him this time. Is the explanation they reprimand him since he is a man? Snappy perceives that they will be ladies soon in lines 42 to 49; later on in the story they are wellbehaved for their mom and he feels dismissed. Cary is explicit about their names and ages; Jenny is twelve and Kate thirteen. They are both somewhere down in their own universes and Quick doesnt mind that they give barely any consideration to his appearance. He thinks it speaks to their legit demeanor to him. Maybe he is excessively nice with the kids. Do they have to show him more regard? Ls. 58-81 the two young ladies Growing Up free paper test November 4, 2010. I am in the vehicle returning home from school, telling my mother I won two film tickets for the best web architecture. Her phone goes off, interfering with our discussion. She answers it and stun enlightens her face. â€Å"What!?† she shouts. The tears stream down my face before I comprehend what occurred. She pulls over and quits driving. I seek her for a clarification. â€Å"Grandpa. He’s gone.† A flashback enters my brain of a jam-packed medical clinic room from half a month prior. My grandpa wasn’t progressing nicely, yet he was solid enough to return home. Also, presently he is no more. I think about my grandma, an unbelievably resilient lady. In what capacity will she handle the loss of her better half of very nearly 60 years? At this point, my mother resumes driving and we are currently at my brothers’ school. My mother takes us to the library for security and offers the staggering news. We will compose a custom exposition test on Growing Up or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Presently I need to endure the taxing night with my family. Be that as it may, I realize we will make it†¦eventually. I experienced this in March of that year, when I lost my other granddad. His demise was simpler to acknowledge, as we was already aware it was coming. Presently, there is another burial service and I am more ready this time. I realize my family will be there to help one another. I realize it will be hard. What's more, I realize that since I am the more seasoned kin, I need to think about my more youthful siblings as. They aren’t prepared to acknowledge that Grandpa is gone, yet we will traverse it together. Demise was, and still is, difficult to see, yet I wasn’t a youngster any longer, protected by my folks. I was growing up and figuring out how to acknowledge demise and life. I concentrated on my homework and my companions helped me through my misfortune. I acknowledged my grandpas were gone, however I despite everything miss them. Summer at long last comesâ€I have finished my first year. I take an interest in summer rec center, and appreciate the warm climate. Be that as it may, in July, my life changes once more. We are having supper as a family when the telephone rings and my mother gets up to answer it. She goes into the lounge. At the point when she returns, there are tears in her eyes. My uncle was discovered oblivious in his shed. Nobody knows whether he will make it. I cry and ask he will live. Furthermore, once more, my musings go to my grandmother. She lost her significant other eight months prior. Will she need to lose her child as well? The news isn’t great. My uncle Jim died of a cardiovascular failure at 50 years old. Thus I went to my third burial service inside 16 months. I presently genuinely was a grown-up. I think about my grandmother constantly. I realize that she says her supplications, goes to chapel, and cries a tear each day for her better half, child, and the remainder of her family. I took in a ton through the experience of losing close family members. These exercises incorporate how significant loved ones are, and how significant it is handle troublesome circumstances maturely. In any case, above all, I discovered that regardless of what life tosses at me, I can’t surrender.

Pride and Prejudice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pride and Prejudice - Essay Example She ought to likewise be beautiful to take a gander at and somebody who is happy to keep the social standards of the time, since to do in any case was to welcome open hatred, objection, and mortification. Ladies searched out men with great social standing and riches as accomplices. For men, riches and standing bested all else. Your character was thought to be acceptable or defended if your standing and riches were incredible enough. A solitary lady of no methods was in an unstable circumstance since she expected to make a ‘good marriage’ (one to an affluent man) so as to have any expectation in the public eye. On the off chance that her economic wellbeing was low, a potential accomplice would make negative suppositions about her character. Austen’s position on the social acts of the time appears glaringly evident. She utilizes incongruity to show her dismay for the mores and standards of the time. The initial articulation of the book is amusing: â€Å"It is a rea lity generally recognized, that a solitary man possessing a favorable luck, must be in need of a wife† (Austen 1). The recommendation is that on the off chance that a man has cash, at that point the following thing he needs to secure is a spouse. What's more, the flipside of that announcement is that a lady needs to wed a man with riches. The title itself is additionally unexpected. The two characters experience the ill effects of both pride and preference, which meddles with their capacity to perceive their friendship for each other. Both exercise partiality in surveying each other. Furthermore, both let their pride disrupt the general flow. During the underlying ball scene, Darcy’s conduct is very absurd and over the top. He articulates the entirety of the ladies in the space to be ugly and claims that Bingley is hitting the dance floor with the main lovely young lady in the room. When Bingley proposes that he hit the dance floor with Elizabeth, Darcy says, â€Å"She is fair, however not attractive enough to entice me; and I am in no funniness at present to offer outcome to youngsters who are insulted by other men† (8). This is an endeavor at humor on Austen’s part. It is ridiculous rationale Darcy is utilizing; he just needs to hit the dance floor with youngsters who are at present connected with other move accomplices. What's more, he will pass on a lady who is accessible. Bingley’s conduct is considerably more socially satisfactory as he claims to never have met such a significant number of wonderful young ladies. Jane is as a rule very agreeable and getting loads of consideration from the men in the room, so her conduct is socially worthy. Elizabeth is no uncertainty harmed by Darcy’s scorn, however later uses it as engaging grub for her companions, which is likewise a socially worthy reaction to the circumstance. In the Spring, Darcy out of nowhere proposes to Elizabeth, so his conduct at their underlying gatheri ng is even more ludicrous. During this scene it is especially clear to the peruser that Darcy and Elizabeth have solid affections for each other. Austen even gives the unexpected explanation of Darcy to Elizabeth with respect to the way that she makes statements she doesn’t accept. â€Å"I have had the delight of your associate long enough to realize that you discover incredible happiness in sometimes purporting feelings which are in certainty not your own’ (150). Elizabeth goes onto censure Darcy for his refusal to hit the dance floor with her at the ball. The way that she is tenderizing this up and prodding him about it uncovers to the peruser that she without a doubt has affections for him. At the point when Darcy attempts to safeguard his conduct by saying that he didn’t know anybody outside of his gathering, Elizabeth wryly says, â€Å"And no one can ever be presented in a ball room†

Beans and More Beans

Beans and More Beans Beans and More Beans Beans and More Beans By Maeve Maddox Considering the whirlwind of remarks activated by my consideration of a bean phrase in an ongoing post, I chose to give the modest bean its very own post. The thing bean is Germanic in root. August Fick (1833-1916) German near language specialist, recommended that bean was related with faba, the Latin word for bean, yet as indicated by the OED, â€Å"phonetic contemplations render this doubtful.† Initially, the word bean alluded uniquely to the expansive bean (Faba vulgaris), yet now it alludes to any seed that takes after it. Individuals and beans have had an involved acquaintance; Egyptians covered them with their dead, and Homer referenced them in the Iliad. On the old Roman dining experience called the Lemuria (or Lumuralia), the pater familias (father of the family) got up at 12 PM to stroll around the house shoeless, tossing dark beans behind him. The custom was expected to exorcize any vindictive spirits that had amassed in the family during the earlier year. Pythagoras taught his devotees â€Å"not to adore beans,† however he may have been cautioning them against intruding in legislative issues, not disallowing them to eat beans; beans were utilized as markers in political races. Artistotle compared the bean with venery (quest for sexual joy); to him, â€Å"abstaining from beans† implied â€Å"keeping the body chaste.† As normal objects of day by day life, beans discovered their way into scholarly and world renowned use. â€Å"Not worth a bean† came to mean useless. Chaucer (1343-1400) utilizes the articulation in â€Å"The Merchant’s Tale.† The saint of the story is a knight who, following 60 years of bachelorhood, at last chooses to wed: â€Å"For no other method of life,† he stated, â€Å"is worth a bean.† An individual who â€Å"does not have a bean† is poor to be sure, in spite of the fact that the bean in this articulation may begin somewhere else than with the vegetable. A slang term for a sovereign or a guinea was bean. â€Å"Not to have a bean† implied â€Å"not to have a cent.† â€Å"Not to know beans about something† is to think nothing about it: Charles Faddis Does not Know Beans About Nuclear Energy â€Å"To spill the beans† is â€Å"to uncover a secret†: Tanked Whistleblower Spilled The Beans On Chemtrail Front Company For CIA The business world has several bean articulations all its own. A â€Å"bean counter† is a scornful term applied to a bookkeeper or other budgetary master by individuals who feel that innovativeness is more important than negligible record-keeping. A beanfeast or beanfest is a yearly supper given by a business to his workers. The word bean is slang for head: â€Å"Im somewhat short on cerebrum myself; the old bean would seem to have been developed more for adornment than for use, dont you know†Ã‚ â€P. G. Wodehouse, My Man Jeeves Wodehouse and other British journalists utilized â€Å"Old Bean† as an inviting term of address: â€Å"You don’t mind my asking, do you old bean?† â€Å"Use your bean† implies â€Å"think!† The little top called a beanie gets its name from this importance of bean, as does the baseball term bean ball, â€Å"a ball tossed at a batter’s head.† This utilization of bean has additionally given us an action word bean, â€Å"to hit somebody on the head.† A beanery is a modest café, apparently in light of the fact that the dinners are substantial on beans. The American city of Bostonfamous for its prepared beansis frequently alluded to as â€Å"Bean Town.† The articulation that motivated this post is â€Å"full of beans,† meaning â€Å"full of vitality and high spirits†: [In winter I try] to get going, loaded with beans, each day.â [Reba] appears to be new, fit and brimming with beans, anticipating herself the way I’m told she generally does At the point when I characterized â€Å"full of beans† as â€Å"full of vitality and high spirits,† a few perusers educated me regarding another importance: â€Å"full of baloney† (or what bologna turns out to be once it is processed.) â€Å"Full of beans† in the feeling of â€Å"energetic† most likely began as steady slang. Bean-took care of ponies were seen to be in acceptable condition and energetic, as in these models from the OED: 1870â â Daily News 27 July 5â â The ponies [] looked new and beany. 1843 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross II. vii. 199â â [Hounds, horses], and men, are in a great condition of fervor! Full o beans and consideration! Another nineteenth century utilization of â€Å"full of beans† noted as steady slang was applied to an individual â€Å"whom unexpected thriving had made hostile and conceited.† I guess that such a stood up individual could be viewed as â€Å"full of beans† in the feeling of being â€Å"full of it.† Clearly the two implications are current, so don’t be astonished in the event that you get a perplexed look if your importance doesn’t coordinate that of your audience. I’ll end with what is most likely the most popular bean citation in mainstream society, Rick’s goodbye to Ilsa in the film Casablanca: Ilsa, I’m a whole lot of nothing at being respectable, yet it doesn’t take a lot to see that the issues of three little individuals don’t sum to a slope of beans in this insane world. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:Creative Writing 1017 Patterns of Sentence StructureHyphenation in Compound Nouns

Not all Businesses are treated equal - 550 Words

Not all Businesses are treated equal (Essay Sample) Content: Name Professor Course Date Not all Companies are viewed as Equal In the free business world, not all businesses are considered equal. The public and germane authorities perceive and treat companies differently more especially those that have ethical compulsions. For instance, the law-making authorities institute policies that unfairly target certain companies. In many cases, this results from the ethical concerns that some firms deal in products that are unhealthy for human consumption (Ingram, Rhea, Skinner, and Taylor 241). Establishing such businesses requires a lot of legal obligations and tax imposed is higher as compared to other business. Hence, this paper accents on the responsibility of International Tobacco Companies to protect the public from their harmful and toxic products. Evidently, tobacco industries cause a lot of harm to the public and their consumers. Firstly, they are the major cause of air pollution. These firms emit toxic gases to the air causing destruction of the ozone layer. In recent years, many organizations and governments have been advocating for businesses to be environmental-friendly. Though, as much as these campaigns go on, the tobacco companies are doing less in regard to reduction of air pollution. They are becoming the major contributors to global warming. The world climate is changing and imperiling people with ultra-violet rays. Therefore, these companies need to be regulated with tough laws for the benefit of future generations. Secondly, tobacco products threaten the health of consumers. It is evident that tobacco products like cigarettes cause liver and lung cancer. Despite the struggles to reach a cancer free world, tobacco companies consistently continue posing health dangers to their customers by not providing sufficient awareness of the dangers (Alsop 19). What makes matters worse is that these products are not only harmful to the consumers but also the general public. Hence, these products should be banned bearing in mind that they are unhealthy leading to increased deaths across the world. Therefore, the tobacco industry should not expect equal treatment to other companies and yet they conduct unethical businesses. Many private owned companies are characterized by economic capitalism. They instigate economic decisions which favor their interests. In many cases, capitalism makes firms not to adhere to social responsiveness. They have selfish motives of manipulating the public with an aim of generating benefits and keep their business running (Alsop 23). Capitalism tends to interfere with forces of the marketplace. Countries that embrace capitalism play infinitesimal role in controlling the capitalist economy. Therefore, capitalism in tobacco industry can compromise the well-being of people. The companies cannot be concerned with the dangers posed by their products to the public rather focus on m...

Wedding Dreams - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 33 Words: 10027 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? 1.0 Introduction The purpose of this report is to provide an inclusive analysis on marketing audit and the preliminary marketing plan for Wedding dreams. Our company commenced its operations in the year of 2001with the aim of providing Sri Lankan brides to be with stunning, unique and modest designs to add joy and create cherished memories on their big day. As this company had made a continuous success in the domestic market it has decided to expand its business in Dubai (UAE), as there is enough market scope to be profitable. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Wedding Dreams" essay for you Create order The local (Dubai) company that is going to joint-venture with Wedding Dreams is Arushi Fashion who is well established in Dubai bridal shop industry. The reason for choosing Arushi-Fashion is the fact that they only offer bridal dresses but not attires for the grooms, brides maids, flower girls, best men and page boys. Since Wedding Dreams is excel at providing these attires at the finest quality, Arushi Fashion is impressed to joint venture with Wedding Dreams to expand its span of target markets and of course its profits. 1.1 Economical Moreover, In order to identify the suitability of the Dubai consumer market to the exclusive collection of wedding dresses, a marketing audit was proposed to our client. With the aim of making a comprehended report with a detailed socio cultural and economic analysis on Dubai was carried out. In order to attract international businesses, Duba, has located up industry free zones all over the city. The Dubai Internet City and Media City has given numerous benefits to the economy with technological advances of information and communication. Dubai has attracted many well-known media companies, such as CNN, to support their Middle East operations in the city. In addition, it is one of the best known countries of UAE, and recognized as a trading and commercial hub of the Middle East. Dubai also showed its true financial dominance in the 1970s when the country was named as one of richest countries in the U.A.E. This achievement can be known as due to the visionary guidance of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan past president of U.A.E of that particular period of time. As per the data issued by the Central Statistics Department, it indicates that the total GDP is amounted to Dh 535.6 Billion in 2008 with a growth rate of 7.4% against 5.2 % in 2007. (UAE Interact, 2009) Although there is an assumption that Dubais economy is totally driven by oil and gas, that sector only consists of 6% in the GDP. (Economywatch, 2010). The report by Dubai Chamber of Commerce and industry states that the most prime sectors are the Constructions and real estate, manufacturing, restaurants and hotels, government services and the banking sector. (UAE Interact,2009) Additionally, according to the recent statistics, that has been released by Maktoob Business News, the income per capita in the UAE is currently US$ 54,430 and specifically in Dubai it is nearly US$ 24,000. (UAE Interact, 2009) Therefore we can state that there is more money to be spent and marriage is an occasion when one doesnt hold back on spending. This indicates the potential for the wedding industry to grow further which is a great opportunity for Wedding Dreams to start a business in Dubai. The inflation rate in UAE is considered to be the biggest challenge which grows up to 12% (Gulfnews, 2008). These above mentioned factors are considered to be both positive and negative in the decision of investing in Dubai. 1.2 Socio cultural analysis Dubai can be known as one of the biggest midst emirates that make up U.A.E. It is filled with diversified culture, and has given freedom of worship. Other than Arabians the rest of the residents are from India, Sri Lanka, and other such Asian countries. The statistics reveal that the population in Dubai is 1,241,000 as in 2006 with 73% of males and 27% of females. (UAEInteract, 2009). The fact that the percentage of females is extremely lower is one threat for Wedding Dreams as its target market is highly comprised of females. Women all over the Arab region once, as a rule, married in their teens or early on 20s. In recent decades, however, early marriage has declined sharply in parts of the region, most particularly in Kuwait, Libya, and the United Arab Emirates. (Rashad, et al,2005) In addition, the population consists large no of Arabians including Sunni Muslims Utah Mormons and as per to the market research conducted in Dubai, was ensuring that UAE respondents buy luxury branded goods and therefore get categorized as high end customers. 2.0 The Product Wedding dream commenced its operation in 2001 and specializes in making wedding gowns and party wear for the brides grooms of Sri Lanka. The ultimate scheme of wedding dreams is to add beauty to the Sri Lankan brides grooms on their big day by providing immaculate quality wedding dresses and tuxedos. In addition the collection of wedding dreams ranges from simply tailored wedding dresses to luxuriously made wedding outfits which are affordable by each every target audience. Further more wedding dream imports its readymade wedding gowns from china and also does mass customization as per to client request. Therefore we as a team had recently decided to extend this service worldwide by initiating exports to Dubai (UAE). Today wedding dreams proposed to provide quality and unique wedding attire to the Middle East men women. Based on the market research carried out in Dubai, its evident that there is a growing need for modest yet fashionable wedding dresses and tuxedos. In addition Sunni Muslims and Utah Mormons comprise a large majority of population in Dubai and they have a great interest toward ethnic designs. Therefore our company decided to export its variety of product designs to Dubai (UAE) as it was seen to be profitable and product ranges are as follows. Also as Arabian females dislike body exposing our company proposed another unique service of providing abaya for the women in Middle East. This will be made in high quality fabrics such as chiffon and crystal beads to add more beauty to the brides of Middle East on their special occasion. This will be custom made product as some of the population go for a western style in their wedding. (2.1)Wedding Dreams as an innovation as it is perceived by the intended market (2.1.1) Relative advantage As Dubai is an enormous shopping destination, Dubai has become the central point for both domestic and international buyers. Thus as the bridal industry is among the fastest growing industries in Dubai, one such advantage is the demand is considerably very high. However as the competition is towering up rapidly, the price is fluctuating at an immense manner as a result the price should be closely scrutinized. Price is the second relative advantage at wedding dreams. As the wedding attire is imported from china, the price is comparatively lower than the local products through low cost labour. This enables us to market wedding gowns and other accessories with a competitive price with a high quality to the lowest price constantly. Furthermore the high quality and the fine finishing is the other benefit. The products are guaranteed with its superiority for its value. The bridal accessories are produced in material with high quality and high-grade handwork, incorporated with highly experienced workers. Product variety is massive at wedding dreams. As Dubai is becoming a cultural melting point, the target market rage is high. We provide bridal attire for each segment of the market. Therefore we provide the products with a fine variety to satisfy all segments in the market. Customers are offered with the facility to choose the design and the theme of attire and to make an order that will be made within a minimum time period. (2.1.2) Compatibility Product compatibility gives the indication of the product quality and the ability of the sterilization process to achieve the intended results without detrimental effect on the product. The wedding attires of Wedding Dreams are made of the best product in quality, attractive prices and a fabulous that the it makes hard for customers to choose one within many. This speciality as Wedding Dreams makes the entire concept an organisation with international notion with graceful fusion. In a cultural and a demographic perspective, although the native residents in Dubai are Arabs, they have become much more sophisticated and westernized at a dramatic speed with considerable population of multi cultures such as Catholics, Christians, and Utah Mormons who are considered to be the target market. Therefore, the product compatibility of Wedding Dreams is measured to be high. Additionally considering the economic fact that the income level of the target market in Dubai is also high (the statistics say that U.A.E: Dubai Per Capita Income is nearly $25,000 (www.datadubai.com), it is explicit that the target market can afford the product at any given price since the quality matters in such a high involvement product. Thus it is an opportunity for Wedding Dreams to penetrate the market easily and remain compatible. (2.1.3) Complexity In todays society, people tend to celebrate their weddings in a great manner. However the apparel falls under shopping goods, and especially since this is their dream attire on their big day, consumers involvement in this purchasing decision is towering up. Therefore the complexity is considerably high as people spend a great deal on time and effort. (2.1.4) Trialability The degree of a trialabilty of a product or service has a direct correlation with the adoption process of a product or service as the level of trialabilty influences a customers attitude towards a product or service in terms of risk. In the case of Wedding Dreams, the customers perceived risk of purchasing a wedding dress will be reduced if they are allowed to try on a dress before making a purchase. This aspect can be used well by the company to improve the attitude of customers as by default customers are allowed to try on dresses. Wedding Dreams can allow their customers to try on the dresses at a minor fee thus delivering a message of self confidence in their products. Wedding Dreams can further utilize this aspect by providing personalized trials through customized tailoring if a customer is interested in a particular item. By making a dress fit a customer better, Wedding Dreams can reduce fear and encourage customers to make a purchase by improving attitudes and reducing the level of perceived risk. (Joes Adblog, n.d). (2.1.5) Observability The extent to which a potential consumer can observe, imagine and describe a new products innovation and its positive effects is known as observability. Its conventional that our product will be displayed in the showroom for our customers to gaze the product before actual purchase and will also provide a special catalogue for designer wear outfits and wedding dresses in order to pay more attention individually which in return lead for mass customizing. Wedding dreams products are tangible and low in complexity; therefore, its concluded that our product has a high degree of observability. In addition this results in customers adopting at a faster rate which is a favourable outcome and an added benefit to our business. (1.1) Major problems and resistances to product acceptance based on the preceding evaluation One of the major challenges that Wedding Dreams would have to face is the severe competition in the industry who are already well established locally. This challenge is chiefly related to two main cultural dilemmas i.e. Ethnocentrism and Self-Reference-Criterion. Ethnocentrism can be defined as what goes on their own culture is unnatural and correct (Levine, Campbell, 1972). And Self-Reference-Criterion is an unconscious reference to ones own cultural values (Cateora et al., 2009). Therefore the target market residents tend to give the priority for the local products believing that their product is the best and anything that is imported from a developing country such as Sri Lanka is not superior to theirs. As a result, Wedding Dreams products may be neglected over the local products. (2.0) The Market (2.1) The market(s) in which Wedding Dreams is to be sold The geographical areas in which Wedding Dreams intends to operate need to be analysed and selected so that the marketing efforts can be limited and targeted to target customers within set geographical parameters. The United Arab Emirates consists of seven states and a decision has to be made on the degree of market coverage or market scope. It is important to identify the forms of transportation and communication in the selected states or sub regions a they will influence distribution of products and the communication efforts carried out by Wedding Dreams to target customers. (3.1.1) Geographical region Jumeirah The selected region of Jumeirah is situated in the state of Dubai and this region has been selected simply because of the fact that the UAE partner company of Wedding Dreams; Arushi Fashion is situated in this city. (Appendix-2) (3.1.2) Forms of transportation and communication available in Jumeirah The transportation network of the UAE boasts the highest international standards with developed speedways and well maintained roads and the city of Jumeirah is approximately 28 kilometers from the Dubai International Airport and this is a very quick and easy drive as many modes of transportation are available from taxis to luxury buses and coaches. The communication network too is on par in terms of standards with the transportation network as the latest developments in Information Communication Technology have been introduced and implemented mainly due the vast amounts of international contacts and interactions. Satellite phones, 3G mobiles with broadband internet, Wi-Fi, and all other new developments are there in the region. (Jumeirah, 2009) (3.1.3) Consumer buying habits (3.1.3.1) Product-use patterns In general, when they purchase wedding attire for the couple, it is a tradition to procure attires for going away parties. In addition, considering the latest wedding trend, they moreover purchase dresses for the parties who are related to the couple i.e. the brides maids, flower girls, best men and page boys. Therefore, all type of attires will be available under one roof for the buyers to make the purchase quick and easier. (3.1.3.2) Product feature preferences Since the product is greatly associated with the ever changing contemporary style trends, all the products will have up-to-date style features. Nevertheless, for the traditional lovers, it will be tailored and given as per their desires. In both the ways of featuring of the products, it will be guaranteed that all the attires will be unique and the best of quality. (3.1.3.3) Shopping habits In general, the wedding attires are something that the bride and the groom have always been dreaming about before their marriage. The purchase of the product requires a high involvement as it is purchased once in their life time and extremely embedded with emotions of the consumers. Therefore, some collections of the attires will be pre-designed and displayed in accordance with the most popular preferences. In addition, the product will be stitched and customized as per the customers wishes. (3.1.4) Distribution of the product The distribution will be exclusive as Wedding Dreams joint-ventures with Arushi Fashion. The product will be available only at the outlet of Arushi- Fashion, in Jumeriah state. There will not be any intermediaries in the supply chain. As the nature of the product itself is very exclusive and prestigious, the excess distribution will not be suitable. (3.1.5) Advertising and promotion (3.1.5.1) Advertising media the ladder to reach your target market(s) Families in Arab world are undergoing major changes in marriage, therefore wedding industry have to be supple as per to the changing need of the brides grooms. (Rashad, et al,2005). Also primary target market for our wedding dresses is high end Sunni Muslim brides, grooms and Utah Mormon who are in late teens or early twenties (20-29). The secondary target market to our business is the brides maid, flower girls, best men and page boys added with ladies who go for a party wear. Therefore newspaper, personal selling, word of mouth, brochures flyers and exclusive magazines are the proposed advertizing tools which are to be used mainly to focus primary and secondary target market (Arabian brides and grooms (Sunni Muslim) and Utah Mormons). When we visited Dubai to study their market, we encountered that the population use Arabic language the most. With that said, many individuals throughout Dubai will converse in English. Farsi and Urdu are also spoken in various regions throughout Dub ai; therefore the advertizing campaign has to be carried in Arabic English language the most. Also its notable that TV advertisement will not be utilized as this product is sold for high end customers and Wedding Dreams have to attract and retain the clients with the aim of building loyalty which is fundamental to provide a positive word of mouth about our products and services. In fact TV ads are mass media and not effective enough to build reliability and it is not suitable method of communication to showcase our product to its target market exclusively. As nature of product decides the promotional mix, radio ad, TV ad, bill boards are inapt to promote our product and incapable to communicate. Personal selling Under this method brochures and flyers will be personally distributed to our prospects indicating the basic information and unique features of our products and services. Bridal shows Bridal shows will be organized by wedding dreams to attract new customers and to create publicity and positive word of mouth. Also Wedding Dreams will participate in major bridal fashion events in Dubai such as The Bride Show which is the largest wedding exhibition in which the leading bridal shop owners participate. Web site ad Launching a web site through which all information about wedding dreams product and services is easily accessed. Magazines Newspaper Printing advertisement on exclusive wedding magazines such as Emirates Brides magazine, that publishes in the language of English for the country as well as work as a means of providing information for the couples who are to be married in U.A.E will be effective. Its also decided to print in Wedding Arabic Wedding English magazines which are mostly viewed by brides and grooms in general. In addition advertising on news papers such as U.A.E newspaper, 7 days, Khaleejh Times in the medium of English and Al Khaleejh, Al Arabia papers in the medium of Arabic which are viewed by all the females and males, is too prudent. Direct mails Sending personalized directs mails to the target market who often read mails. These can include informing reminding customers about new offers. And also sending greeting cards to customers and vouchers on special package, for instance clients can bring these vouchers when purchasing party wears. Word of mouth Make innovative and unique products to intrigue customers attention in order to induce them to spread a positive word of mouth. Also as mentioned earlier organize Bridal shows to attract the customers. (3.1.5.2) Sales promotions customarily used To achieve the core objectives of wedding dreams, it is important to conduct sales promotion as a marketing stratagem, among all the sales promotional tools, given free gifts, sales discounts, premiums, coupons are some of them that can be espoused. Sales promotions in essence will assist wedding dreams to fabricate loyal customers through relationship building. Accordingly sales promotions will argument positive word of mouth that will indirectly attract new customers and increase revenue. Free gifts Offer free goods along with product being purchased. For instance a branded make up kit including Arabian kohl which is very popular among Arabian females or perfumeries to customers who have gone for purchases exceeding the limit of US$ 6000. Sales discounts Full Wedding packages, including wardrobes for all the members in the wedding crew and other packages, excluding Brides and Grooms attire. These packages will be offered with a 10% discount of the total price. Customers who will purchase in large volume will be offered at 25% discount at Off-seasons. Also separate discounts on small purchases will be given by introducing loyalty cards. Coupons Most of trade couponing promotions of wedding dreams consist with point of purchase supports in Dubai. Coupons will be offered twice a year to encourage the customers. Besides, each coupon is valid for only 10 days after the offering. Premiums As Arabians in Middle East are bounded to cover the body, providing abayas along with the actual product will motivate the purchase at wedding dreams. This is only given for purchases occur under package. (3.1.6) Pricing strategy (3.1.6.1) Customary mark-ups Due to existing high competition in Dubai Apparel market, the pricing strategy at Arushis Fashion should be analysed cautiously to maintain a competitive advantage to the organisation. The prime objectives of the pricing strategy in Wedding Dreams is as follows * To develop a competitive advantage in the Dubai wedding Apparel industry through adopting the right pricing mechanism and attracting the target market * Remain in the import industry by means of accommodating an effective turn-over. Besides, emerge of many competitors will increase the current competition. Therefore in the initial stage, Wedding dreams can adopt to a penetrated pricing strategy to flabbergast the target market and gradually reach the premeditated price. (3.1.6.2) Types of discounts available To compete in the market Wedding Dreams will offer copious discount in an indirect way. The Discount will be proffered in term of Packages. Full Wedding packages, including wardrobes for all the members in the wedding crew and other packages, excluding Brides and Grooms attire. These packages will be offered with a 10% discount of the total price. Customers who will purchase in large volume will be offered at 25% discount at Off-seasons. These discounted packages will lend a high turnover to the organisation by means of providing a discount to the customers. (3.2) Compare and contrast your product and the competitions products There are no major exporters of wedding wear and accessories to the UAE from Sri Lanka but the market in the UAE is highly competitive with several large competitors already operating in the region. In order to be competitive and first and foremost survive upon entry into the new overseas market, Wedding Dreams needs to identify the product offerings of competitors and also assess the quality in order to set assess their own standards to ensure that they not only are able to remain competitive but also gain a competitive advantage. Four major competitors who are already operating in the UAE have been identified and they are as follows; (3.2.1) Competitors products La Donna Fashion House: This is one of the more up market and exclusive competitors that offers evening and wedding dresses. They have launched their latest collection by the name of Oriental Nights that adopts a customized approach using the Arabic theme using locally found rich and exquisite fabrics together with colourful designs and embroideries. The main difference between the product of La Donna Fashion House and ArushiFashion -Wedding dreams is the fact that it offers all the product variety such as the wedding attire for the couple, going away dresses, dresses for brides maids and so on while La Donna Fashion House solely offers to the bride alone. Salma Kahn: This goes by the name of Salma Kahns Fashion Studio and houses highly experiences professional tailors and embroiders who specialize in Western, Arabic and Asian dresses and accessories. They believe in personalized attention as they ensure that customized products are offered to customers with different lifestyles and who represent various cultural backgrounds. They not only make the dresses fit their customers but also ensure that the designs, colours, and even the seasonal elements are taken into proper consideration to get the best out of the products for their customers. In, comparing and contrasting the Wedding dreams from Salma Kahn, we can say that the price factor is slightly deviated. Wedding Dreams products are comparatively low and are made of the finest quality. Rahmanian: This competitor is a very established company with a truly global presence with its operations in Asia, North America and the Middle East. Through training and development and experienced tailoring and designing, they seek to ensure creativity, innovation and quality that are customized to meet different requirements of customers. They too specialize mainly on evening and bridal wear and possess high capacities to produce and sell through their spread out network of outlets and factory space. In deviating Wedding Dreams products from Rahmanian, Rahamnian is more known locally and globally. Although the venturing company ArushiFashion is also well known but it is not as established as Rahamanian. Nevertheless, the product variety at different price range makes Wedding Dreams competitive. Ekaterina Maria Fashion: This competitor operates in a niche market with packages for VIP clients and has a collection of over 500 designs of bridal wear from the bride to flower girls and accessories that are modern in design and are also very easy and comfortable to wear. This competitor is well known for its designs and quality and thus possesses a healthy brand image. This competitor is solely aiming the VIPs whereas Arushi Fashion -Wedding Dream aims a wide market with variety of price and products. (3.2.2) Competitors prices Wedding Gown Grooms Attire Going away gown Brides made, Flower girl gown LaDonna Fashion House $10000 $9900 $5000 $4775 Salma Kahn $8800 $7000 $5000 $4700 Rahmanian $7500 $6600 $4800 $4500 Ekaterina Maria Fashion $8000 $7000 $5000 $4800 According to the industry analysis, the competitors average price is 2% higher than the price of a gown in wedding dreams. The current market leaders and the average price of the main product categories are introduced below; Apart from the pricing strategies the above competitors follow promotional tools by presenting attractive discounts and offers. However according to analysis, the pricing strategy and other promotional methods at Wedding Dreams will develop a competitive advantage in the market. (3.2.3) Competitors promotion and advertising methods As mentioned above the direct competitors to wedding dreams are La Donna Fashion House, SALMA KHAN, Rahmanian, and Ekaterina Maria Fashion. These competitors use a lot of advertising and promotional methods to create awareness about their new arrivals among the public and to retain the old customers. When considering their methods of advertising its seem to be similar to one another as their product ranges, price, target market are identical. Basically these outlets do shopping mall promotion as there are a lot of popular shopping malls in Dubai. To be candid, these promotions are especially carried out in malls such as, Deira City Centre, Mercato Mall, Mall of the Emirates, Ibn Battuta Mall, Wafi City Mall Dubai, Dubai Festival City, and Emirates Towers Boulevard, as it is known as the top seven malls which are most visited by high end customers and foreigners. First and foremost, the four direct competitors have their cut outs and banners in these malls. La Donna Fashion House distribute brochures and flyers for bridal wear through certain mens shops in those malls to the male customers who tend to visit often those places, as these flyers are taken to the young females in their families. In addition they advertize in magazines which are customized for people who are going to marry in near future. Also advertizing on emirates magazines and advertisements played in the small monitored TVs in the airplane, which are read and viewed by the passengers during the journey. It is an additional benefit as emirates is a national air line of U.A.E. Generally all the competitors do provide TV advertisements on Dubai channels such Dubai TV, Arabic, EMI, and Fashion and celebrities, in seasonal basis to stimulate the customer demand in off season. Rahmanian have word of mouth campaign to create a positive word of mouth which is being a major strength for their businesses since 1947. In addition all the outlets have personal selling tactics to attract the customers individually by being personally concerned. (3.2.4) Competitors distribution channels Most of the leading competitors have both whole sellers and retailers selling methods. However retail shop purchase bulks from whole selling warehouses where it reduces in-house storage and costs. In this scenario the distribution is commonly offered by whole sellers. Agents are another mode of channel in the wedding industry. Agents from worldwide import goods for their state through whole sellers. (3.3) Market size (3.3.1) Estimated industry sales for the planning year The recent economic recession has dampened the performance of many industries including the wedding and bridal wear industry. Despite the recession researchers forecast a 2% increase in industry wide sales between 2009 and 2010 in the UAE. Research has also shown that the UAE is one of the ten most attractive markets for apparel manufacturers. Even though no proper information is available on the industry sales statistics, research has also shown that average cost of a wedding in the UAE approximately 80,000 US Dollars or 300,000 UAE Dirhams. And the number of weddings per year in Dubai is estimated to be approximately 50,000 per year. So the total industry sales comes to US$ 4,000,000,000. Research also shows the mainstream of respondents were willing to spend more than 100,00 UAE Dirhams while an approximate 12% were even willing to spend over 500,000 UAE Dirhams for their weddings. This provides sound evidence that there is high potential for specialized and designed wedding wear in the UAE and the rise in fashion shows also supplements the evidence as they continue to increase in size attracting more and more exhibitors and visitors each year. (3.3.2) Estimated sales for Wedding Dreams for the planning year (2011) The estimated sales for Wedding Dreams for the year 2011 are nearly 41,500,000 which is approximately 0.01% of the total industry sales. (Refer the financial Statement in the financial section). Wedding Dreams hopes to go higher than this amount of sales by more market penetration. (3.4) Government participation in the marketplace (3.4.1) Agencies that can help you The business law for partnerships and joint ventures requires a local company to be involved with a 51% stake in the business while the external company has control of 49% of the business proceedings. In the case of Wedding Dreams the most suitable method one of the above methods to enter the UAE as it reduces risk and sole ownership requires businesses to be set up in free trade zones and getting local businesses involved also lowers the capital spending and enables an external company to exploit local knowledge. Since Wedding Dreams will either go in for a partnership or a joint venture as opposed to solely owned entity, they can be sure to get government support as there will be a local company involved. This will result in tax reductions and even subsidizing to start up business operations. The ease of raising capital will be greater as the access to sources of finance will be easier with a local partner as local governments and financial institutions will be more willing to provide finance when a local company is involved in a business venture. The government also helps the industry by encouraging more exhibitions and trade fairs and fashion events as it also benefits by improving tourism. (3.4.2) Regulation you must follow As per to the U.A.E governments rules and regulations, licensing any business is a must to carry out trade activities in any part of U.A.E. In fact, it consist three types of licensing such as commercial license which is recommended for all kinds of trading, the second is Industrial license which is suitable for a business which is going to specialize in manufacturing or industrializing. The last option is professional license, which is only issued for professional businesses that has expertise on that relevant field. As we decided to joint venture with Arushi fashion which is located in Dubai Jumeirah Beach Road, its insignificant to obtain any license to operate the business in that region. Arushi fashion launched its operation in 1989, and specializes in designing wedding dresses for the Middle East women including high end customers of UAE. Arushi fashions main focus is to provide innovative designs including dresses for henna functions and evening wear. As our goals and Arushi fashions marketing goals, its service products defined to be similar, wedding dreams decided to joint venture with Arushi Fashion, Dubai. It is an added advantage that, Arushi is functioning in the Dubai industry for more than 20 years and has a good reputation among everyone; therefore its unambiguous to create a positive word of mouth about our service in a short period of time. As per to the nature of our business and legal laws of U.A.E, Arushi fashion is given 51% of the company, while sharing an equal amount of profit or loss. Although joint venture is not required to license the business, we as a team decided publish the agreement to run the business under the name of Wedding Dreams to showcase our ideas and designs to attract and retain the target market and to be successful internationally with the local name. MARKETING PLAN I. The marketing plan A. Marketing objectives Target market(s) (specific description of the market) Wedding Dreams will be primarily targeting the young couples who are to be married i.e. soon-to-be- the bride and the groom and aged 18-35. And its secondary target market will be the parties who are related to the couple i.e. the brides maids, flower girls, best men and page boys and all other youngsters who are fond of party wears. Since the venturing company Arushi-Fashion only targets the brides, the span of the target market is small. Therefore, Wedding Dreams products will expand its size of the target segment. Expected sales year 2010 The expected sales for the year 2011 have been calculated by taking the number of units that have been exported which is appropriate for the size of the segmented target market and the current performance and trends of the wedding industry in Dubai into consideration. The anticipated value of the sales has amounted to US$ 41,500,000. It comprises of all types of attires that would be exported. (Refer the financial statement) Profit expectations year 2010 It is expected that Wedding Dreams will have a net profit of US$ 24594500 due to high sales revenue and decreased expenditures. (Refer-Financial Statement). Market penetration and coverage As explained in the marketing audit, the geographical parameter that has been chosen to initially penetrate is Jumeirah, where the venturing company Arushi Fashion is situated in. This is chosen as the customers and potential customers of Arushi Fashion will be easily attracted. Nevertheless, Wedding dreams hopes to penetrate more of the states in Dubai eventually. B. Product adaptation or modification: using the product component model as your guide, indicate how your product can be adapted for the market The product in the context of Wedding Dreams is basically wedding wear and accessories from the bride and groom to all participating parties in a wedding. The product is aimed at fulfilling customer needs through its tangible and intangible attributes. A product has 3 layers and they are; Core component This is based on the need of the customer and basis on which the product and the design is created. It also covers the functionality of a product which in this case is to fulfil the requirements for wedding attire. Packaging component This aspect covers the quality, design and pricing. Despite the change in region, these aspects have to be molded in a way that communicates highest quality that provides value for money and also gives the customer a sense of self esteem. Support services component This aspect in the context of Wedding Dreams deals with the assurance of quality and the quality of tailoring and support services with regard to the dresses and accessories. After having considered these aspects we can choose between product adaptation and innovation. Innovation is not required as the need across borders is the same yet the want may be different. However, the offerings of Wedding Dreams have to be done by understanding the local tastes and adopt more of an international approach as there will be nationals and expatriates in our clientele. Since an adaptation approach can be used, the Core component of the product will remain unchanged as the need will be the same and the functionality will accomplish a common task. The Packaging component with its quality and pricing needs to be done in an integrated way to provide the best quality on par with competition at the best price providing value for money. The designs however, have to be done to suit the local and international tastes. The Support components can be used to build confidence and also to add value to the product offerings. Services such as tailoring and additional consultation will enhance the experience and aid in assuring customer satisfaction. C. Promotion mix The promotion is the next element that the wedding dreams have to implement in such a way to attract viewer attention and as well to enhance the customer perception on wedding dreams. Under this terrain the main methods that Wedding dreams intends to use are advertising, sales promotions, personal selling and some other promotional tools which goes with the product. Advertising Objectives This promotional campaign is targeted towards many objectives. Since wedding dreams is a totally new company in the Dubai market, our promotions will be focused mainly towards creating awareness among the target audience. The objectives in brief as follows; * Create awareness among the target audience * Create a favorable attitude in the market * Create the desire or liking for the prospects to try the product at least once * To have a high reach and coverage through these promotions * Keep reminding the audience about wedding dreams new arrivals * Create a loyal customer base advertising Strategy Through the promotional campaign what we intend to communicate to the target audience is the quality wedding attire for men and omen would provide along with the other benefits and the advantages. The unique designs, mass customizing, the rich materials fabrics being used, on time deliver and many more values benefits that the customers can get at wedding dreams will be communicated through the promotional campaign. Also the advertisements will be carried out in the medium of Arabic English as it is the most used language in the Dubai world. Media mix As wedding dreams is new to the Dubai world market its highly important to carry out the advertisements in the new papers and specialized magazines for wedding preparation to create awareness among the general public. Therefore we planned to carry out the unique ads in two different ways. The first ad which will be published is a teaser campaign and the second one is the follow up ad to be continued after the launch. As mentioned earlier our target market will be the Sunni Muslims and Utah Mormons who comprise the large majority of population and the language mostly used in Dubai is Arabic and English. Therefore the ads will be carried in those two languages as the most. Magazines Publishing advertisements on exclusive wedding magazines such as Emirates Brides magazine which is the only English-language wedding magazine published locally for the region and offers essential information to brides marrying in the UAE will be effective. It is also decided to print ads on magazines such as Wedding Arabic Wedding English, which are mostly viewed by brides and grooms in general. As elaborated the teaser campaign will be carried out in the respective magazines for the first month, right before the launch. Follow ups will be continued after the launch. The objective is to create the brand awareness to the general public and remind them about our innovative products and services added with actual benefits. New paper It is important to publish the ads in the Dubai news papers as we are newly moving in to the Dubai market. And this form of advertisement will have a high reach and coverage as it is viewed by everyone on a daily basis. News paper ads will also be published right before one month prior to the launch as teaser campaign. After the launch the follow up ads will be continued in the respective papers. In addition, advertising on news papers such as U.A.E newspaper, 7 days, Khaleejh Times in the medium of English and Al Khaleej, Al Arabia papers in the medium of Arabic which are viewed by all the females and males. Message As wedding dreams is in the introductory stage of its expansion in Dubai, the main massage we intend to convey is all about what is special in Wedding dreams products and the all its other benefits. The promotional themes we have designed for it are, Teaser campaign Just dream.by wedding dreams Follow up ad Wedding dreams.your dreams are made real here. Costs The estimated cost for printing ads in the news papers and magazines are given below, and these costs are relevant in determining the total cost of the promotion campaign. Also its accountable in estimating the final budget. Type of ad One time cost in $ Times per month in $ Cost per month in $ News Paper 1/2 page 1,000 US$ 6 6,000 US$ Magazine full page 1,500 US$ 4 6,000 US$ Total 2,500 US$ 10 12,000 US$ News paper 1/2 page News paper ads will be printed on week days in U.A.E newspaper, 7 days, Khaleejh Times which will cost around AED or Dh 2100. The ads in weed end will be published in Al Khaleej, Al Arabia, which will cost around AED or Dh 4250. Magazine Ads in the magazine will be published in week days on Emirates Brides magazine and ads on Wedding Arabic Wedding English magazines are published on daily basis. Total cost for the magazine ad will be AED or Dh 3500. Sales promotions In the wedding industry Sales Promotions is a very widely used promotional tool and is proven to be effective. So Sales Promotions would be used to promote wedding dreams for the potential customer base which would be high end Arabian customers. Objectives * To create immediate sales for wedding dreams. As wedding dreams is a new kid in the block creating immediate sales would be advantageous to gain more revenue and attain marketing goals. * To create brand loyalty among the customers and they would make repeat purchases and do positive word of mouth to promote wedding dreams as they would be highly satisfied with the Sales Promotions. * To introduce new design to the market as target audience has less reliability and interest which in return may help to attract them and retain. * To counter the above mentioned competitors sales promotions and other activities * To increase wedding dreams product rate among the consumers in the beginning of next year. (2011) * To reduce seasonal decline in sales Coupons Most of trade couponing promotions of wedding dreams consist with point of purchase supports in Dubai. This method helps the company to increase the repeat purchases of the clients. Coupons will be offered twice a year to encourage the customers. Besides, each coupon is valid for only 10 days after the offering. This is to encourage the consumers for immediate purchases of Wedding dreams. Premiums By using premiums, wedding dreams hopes to increase client purchases with a unique idea. Wedding dreams offers premiums to all the clients who purchase their wedding attire under the Full Wedding package. It is important to encourage the consumers to buy larger quantities than needed to stimulate the sales. Costs Wedding dreams Full wedding package, loyalty cards, premiums and free gifts are provided under various discounts. As mentioned earlier a 25% discount are given on packages and 10% discount given for customers with loyalty cards. Also the coupons are valid for 10 days from the day of issue and the premiums are given for customers who do package purchases. Free gift offer for purchase exceeding the cost of US$ 6000. These practices bring a great interest towards the wedding dreams products. Direct Marketing Personal selling to the respondents of Wedding dreams target market will be an effective plan to make the public aware of wedding dreams existence. There are three main definitional characteristics which distinguish personal selling from other types of marketing. * Personal selling involves direct contact between buyer and seller, either face-to face or some form of telecommunication system such as telephone sales * It attempts to send its messages directly to consumers, without the use of intervening media. This involves commercial communication (Brochures flyers, direct mail, e-mail, and telemarketing) with consumers or businesses, usually unsolicited. * It is focused on driving a specific call-to-action. This aspect of personal selling involves an emphasis on traceable, measurable positive (but not negative) responses from consumers (known simply as response in the industry) regardless of medium. We will be combining personal selling and advertising together to capture our target market towards our products. Combining advertising and personal selling will improve reach and reduce costs. Also we will be combining personal selling and sales promotion to target the ultimate consumer and other promotional tools are designed to assist the sales staff. Other promotional tools Bridal Show and Exhibition This promotional tool will be exercised by Wedding Dreams through Arushi Fashion where there is a renowned bridal show or exhibition is being carried out such as The Bride Show which is the largest and the most famous fashion event in Dubai where they can attract more customers. To participate in such an even will cost around US $ 140,000. Public relations projects The strategies to be carried out to maintain Public Relations would be; To get actively involved in charity projects An example would be to provide free weddings to poor who are incapable of investing money to accomplish their dream once in a year. When this goes on the mass media automatically the public would be impressed and would have a great liking towards Wedding Dreams. Another suggestion would be to allocate a small margin of the profits, maybe 5 % for needy projects that involve charity such as AIDS prevention, Cancer aid. This would be an effective way to win the general public and they would be the idea of that Wedding dreams is acting as a Corporate Responsible company and is not only concerned about profits. D. Distribution: from origin to destination Port selection (Port Rashid- Dubai) Apparel and clothing is bulkily transported via sea. As most of the Dubai Ports poses world class facilities, port Rashid is among them. Therefore the chosen Port for transportation is Port Rashid as it is situated in the city Dubai. Rashid Port is ranked first in efficiency in terms of container facilities, where it enables to transport both imports and exports in the least time phase. However the products will be directly transported from the Colombo Port to Port Rashid in Dubai. Mode selection: advantages and disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages The Cost is lower than air freight Compared to Air freight the distribution period is longer Low taxes and low labor cost. Urgent consignments cannot be made Efficiency capability to move great amounts of cargo a longer distance in a short time period Loss of cargos due to unexpected circumstances The Rashid Port is well linked to other parts of the country by a network of road and rail connections The standards of packaging should be higher than the air freight packaging Packing Packaging of wedding attire should be met with high standards. Wedding attire will be in Carton packaging bags, Secondly the carton packaged freight is packaged in Acid free, water proof wedding dress boxes where the quality of the products will be preserved and safe. Documentation required In Sri Lanka, there is a process of documentation in cargo. According to Customer Declaration, four documents should be completed; namely the warranty copy, statistical copy, parties copy and security co copy. Under the ministry of textile industry development all exporters of apparel should be registered. Before transportation wedding dreams should go through the custom procedure and Port procedures as below with the required Export duty. Custom Procedure Port Procedures Invoice Shipping note Shipping Document Cargo Dispatch Note License Customer declaration Security form Packing List The following Bank documents should be submitted to the bank before the final stage of freight dispose. (1) Invoice (2) Letter of credit (3) Origin Bill of lading (4) Insurance policy (5) Bill of exchange (6) Packaging list Insurance claims Insurance claims are important to Wedding Dreams when they send their products Dubai. A sea freight forwarder should be selected which will provides marine insurance to products upon the request of the customers. However, the Sri Lanka EXPORT CREDIT INSURANCE CORPORATION (SLECIC) is committed to provide Export Credit Insurance and Guarantee support services for the development of exports of Sri Lanka. The following guarantees should be constructed prior to the freight export installation. * Export Production Credit Guarantee * Pre-shipment Credit Guarantee * Post-shipment Credit Guarantee * Export Performance Guarantee Freight forwarder Nanyang Forwarding Transport Co (M) Sdn Bhd (NFTC) is chosen as the sea freight forwarder to transport the products by sea from Sri Lanka to Dubai and to the store. Their total logistics services are all under one roof for customers convenience. Their operations teams with extensive experience to handle any type of cargo by whatever transportation requirements to any door worldwide. Their good rapport with various authorities involved in shipping and logistics ensure smooth cargo clearance. Therefore the freight forwarder of wedding dreams will be effective. E. Channels of Distribution (micro analysis) The dresses and all accessories will be sourced and provided from Sri Lanka which will be the supply hub for UAE. Since Wedding Dreams has tied up with a local company by the name of Arushi Fashion, the channel of distribution will be fairly simple. The dresses and accessories will be sent from Sri Lanka to the UAE where they will be marketed and sold at Arushi Fashion outlets. Therefore, the channel of distribution is short with a relatively higher degree of control and gives a sense of exclusivity with the products being made available at selected outlets. There will be no wholesalers or importers involved as Arushi Fashion will be the sole licensed importer and retailers in the UAE. Wedding Dreams Arushi Fashion * Exporting: This will be done by Wedding Dreams from Sri Lanka. * Importing: This task will be done by Arushi Fashion in the UAE who will be the official importer. * Warehousing and Retailing: This task too will be done by Arushi Fashion where their stores will be used for storing and the selling will be done at their outlets. Apart from the dresses on display, A Just-In-Time method can be used where tailored dresses and customized accessories can be supplied from Sri Lanka based on orders made. F. Price determination Cost of shipment of goods It ensures a safe shipment of the Apparel goods and other accessories are packaged in anti Alcoholic and water proof containers and crates. The owners of the shipment will make well suited packages to ensure the products are transported safely. Therefore it is recommended to allocate 5% of the production cost. Transportation costs The financial budget includes all the Costs in transportation which is amounted to US $ 45,500 per year. Handling expenses All freight conduct expenses in the exporting process are expected to be US $ 152500. Insurance costs Insurance cost is to provide an average indication of the comparative insurance which is anticipated to be US $ 10,000 per annum. Customs duties Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for gathering and protection customs duties and for controlling the flow of goods. This is estimated to be 20% of the production cost which comes to the amount of US $ 1633750. Import taxes and value-added tax * GTS 5% * Duties 20% * Sales and Excise tax -15 Companys gross margins and Retail Price The pricing of the Wedding attires and other attires are the total production cost which includes the production cost, shipping, handling and transportation expenses. (Refer the financial statements) Additionally it also includes the costs of marketing, administration and other overheads which are shown in the profit and loss A/C. The price includes the profit margin of 60% in pricing which is a quite profitable for Wedding Dreams. The price details of each product are exposed in the financial section. G. Terms of sale This looks at how the risks, obligations, tasks and costs of different nature are divided between the supplier and the buyer, in this case between Wedding Dreams and Arushi Fashion in relation to the international transactions that will be made. These are known as Incoterms (worldwide standards) which are created by the international chamber of commerce in order to use during the course of international transactions. As per to the Dubai law and obligations, The forms that the exporters use to carry out the transactions are Free on Board (FOB), Cost and Freight (CF) and Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF). 1. Free on Board (FOB): This term applies to the exporters port and covers cost of goods and transportation to the importers port. 2. Cost and Freight (CF): This aspect covers the transportation costs at the port of the importer which will be UAE and how the risk of loss, stolen, or damaged goods will be transferred to the importer (Arushi Fashion) from the supplier (Wedding Dreams) once the good are brought and loaded in the importing country. 3. Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF): This covers the cost of transporting and insuring the goods being transferred to the importing port along with the quote on the cost of goods. H. Methods of payment Basically the method of payment has to be in US$, CIF or CIFC, when engaging in transactions in Dubai. With that Pro Forma Invoices is also recommended as a mode of payment, in order to facilitate the opening letters of credit. The method of payment will need to be agreed when negotiating the contract with Arushi Fashion and the methods are as follows; * Payment through cheque or cash * A Bank receipt is required if customs duty has been paid through a Dubai bank. * Customs duty debit facility is given against bank guarantee Also its integrated that an irrevocable letter of credit is required until an occurrence of a firm trading relationship. Documents Against Acceptance (D/A) or Documents Against Payments (D/P) may also be used as documentary payments arrangements are far less common in Dubai. (Doing Business, 2009) II. Pro forma financial statements and budget Wedding Dreams will export its products categorized into 7 main types according to its target market i.e. Bridal Attire, grooms attire, brides maid attire, flower girls attire, best men attire and page boys attire. The price ranges also varies in order to attract more target market. (Refer Appendix The products at different price ranges). The profit and loss A/C statement has been exposed below in order to show the feasibility of the plan. (Please refer Appendix-2 for other financial statements which have been used as workings) 1 Trading, Profit Loss A/C for the year ended 31-12-2011 Description Cost US $ Net Sales (Refer Appendix- 3/ Note -1) 41500000 (-) Total Cost of Production (Refer Note-2) -16337500 Gross Profit 25162500 (-) Expenditures Logistic Cost (Refer Note -3 ) 50000 Marketing Cost (Refer Note- 4) 168000 Overheads (Refer Note 5 ) 350000 Total Exp -568000 Net Profit 24594500 III. Resource requirements Finances Since Wedding Dreams has a large warehouse or storage there is no need for it to worry about the Storage facility about which many exporters do. The only needed resource for Wedding Dreams currently is finance. The available finance resource for Wedding Dreams will be the investment that the owner puts in and apart from that, Wedding Dreams can make a use of leasing and bank loan facility which encourages exports at reduced interest rate. The suggested recommendation is loan for exports that Sampath Bank and Peoples bank offers at the cheapest interest rate than the other. Sources of Information * AMEinfo, 2009, Sheikah Jawaher opens Sharjah Wedding Show, retrieved from https://www.ameinfo.com/148257.html, on the 20th of January, 2010 * Competitor analysis Rahmanian, retrieved from https://www.rahmanian.com/ on the 14th of January, 2010 o La Donna Fashion House, retrieved from, https://www.ladonnafashion.com/ on the 14th of January, 2010 o Salma Khan, retrieved, https://www.wedding.ae/Bride_dress_Salma_khan.htm on the 14th of January, 2010 o EKatrina Maria house, retrieved from, https://www.wedding.ae/Fashion_Katrina_maria.htm on the 14th of January, 2010. * Australian Business Global markets, 17th January 2009, Doing Business in U.A.E. Retrieved from, https://www.austrade.gov.au/Doing-business-in-UAE/default.aspx on 28th January, 2010. * Cateora . R.C., Graham. L.J., Salwan. P., 2009, International Marketing, 13th ed, published by McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi. * Chinaapparel Net News, 2009, UAE: Wedding Industry Growing at an Exponential Rate, retrieved from, https://www.chinaapparel.net/news/2008/2008-06-06/15917.shtml , on the 28th of December, 2009. * DubaiTourism, 2009, Population Statistics in Dubai, retreived from, https://www.dubaitourism.ae/Portals/0/Statistics%5CPopulationStatistics/A001%20UAE_Population_2008.pdf, on the 22nd of January, 2010. * Economy Watch, 2009, Economy of Dubai, retrieved from https://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/dubai/ on the 20th of January, 2010. * Gulfnews, 2008, Inflation in UAE stands at 12% , retrieved from https://gulfnews.com/business/economy/inflation-in-uae-stands-at-12-1.112004 on the 22nd of January,2010 * Joes Adblod, Product Characteristics. Retrieved 26th January 2010. From https://advertisingadvice.blogspot.com/2008/03/product-characteristics-relative.html * Lachenmayer.S.J., 2009, Lens On Dubai Society -Fragile or Postmodern, retrieved from https://www.systemic-excellence group.com/shared/files/papers/Lens_on_Dubais_Society_-_Fragile_or_Postmodern_KEY_FINDINGS.pdf on the 26th of January, 2010 * Levine, R.A.; Campbell, D.T.: Ethnocentrism: Theories of Conflict, Ethnic Attitudes, and Group Behavior, John Wiley Sons Inc., New York 1972 * Maktoob Business News, 2007, UAE Per capita income rises to record, retrieved from https://business.maktoob.com/20090000366338/UAE_per_capita_income_rises_to_record_in_08/Article.htm on the 20th of January, 2010. * Rashad .H, Osman. M,, RoudiFahimi.,F, 2005. Marriage in Arab world. Retreived on 26th January, 2010 from https://www.prb.org/pdf05/MarriageInArabWorld_Eng.pdf * The Emirates guide, 2009, Types of business in Dubai, retrieved from, https://guide.theemiratesnetwork.com/living/business.php, on the 21st of January, 2010 * UAEintercat newspaper, 2009 , Dubai GDP rises, Despite Global Downturn, retrieved from, https://uaeinteract.com/docs/Dubais_GDP_rises_0.3_in_first_quarter_despite_global_downturn/38203.htm, on the 20th of January, 2010. * UAE Interact Newspaper, 2009, UAE Economy records 7.4 % growth, retrieved from https://uaeinteract.com/docs/UAE_economy_records_7.4_growth_in_2008/34951.htm on the 19th of January, 2010 Addendum Appendix- 1 Geographical Region A detail overview of Jumeirah With a population of approximately 6.9 million, the United Arab Emirates is an area of around 77,000 square kilometers approximately. The largest state is Abu Dhabi and it accounts for 87% of the total area of the UAE. However, UAE nationals account for only 19% of the total population the high living standards and professional opportunities have drawn expatiates. The state of Dubai is the most populated of the seven states with a population of 1.6 million people. Approximately 88% of UAEs population resides in metropolitan areas. Jumeirah is a coastal residential city in the state of Dubai and is popular with both expatriates and tourists visiting Dubai. This area has a healthy combination rich palatial residencies and more economic dwellings and is one of the most expensive regions in Dubai. With recent developments, Jumeirah has obtained an image of luxury and exclusivity and thus has reaped benefits to the travel, leisure and lifestyle industries. The blend of UAE nationals and expatriates and also tourists creates a profitable segment for Wedding Dreams to target and exploit as it has several high end shopping malls and several five star hotels. Appendix -2 Note-1 (Total Exports Sales) Exports Price Range in US$ Exporting units Total Bridal Attire 7000 250 1750000 8000 500 4000000 9000 750 6750000 10000 1000 10000000 22500000 Grooms attire 1500 250 375000 2000 250 500000 2500 500 1250000 3000 750 2250000 4000 750 3000000 7375000 Going away dress 1000 1000 1000000 1500 1500 2250000 3250000 Brides maid 1000 1500 1500000 1500 2500 3750000 5250000 Best men 750 1500 1125000 1000 2500 2500000 3625000 Flower girls 500 500 250000 750 750 562500 1000 750 750000 1562500 Page boys 500 500 250000 750 750 562500 1000 750 750000 1562500 Total Sales for the year 41500000 Note 2 (Total Production Cost) Total Production Cost for the year ended on the 31-12-2011 Production Cost 10411375 (+) Export Expenditure Cost of Shipment 816875 Custom Duties 1633750 GTS 816875 Sales and Excise tax 2450525 handling expense 152500 Insurance Cost 10000 Transportation 45500 Total production exp 5926025 5926025 Total Production Cost 16337400 Note 3 (Cost for logistics) Cost for logistics Cost per container 1000 * number of containers 50 Total Cost for Logistics 50000 Note 4 (Marketing Promotional Cost / Budget) Marketing Budget 2011 Description Cost US $ News Paper Ad 6000 Magazine Ad 6000 Bridal Show exhibition 140,000 Sales Promotion 10,000 Website ad 3000 Direct mail expenses 1000 Overhead marketing expenses 2000 Total Marketing Cost 168000 Note 5 ( Total Overheads) Overheads outlet in arushi-fashion 30,000 Management salaries 200,000 Financial Cost (including bank mortgage) 100,000 Business Development cost 20,000 Total Overheads 350,000

Essay on Booker T. Washingtons Immense Achievements

On April 5, 1856, Booker Taliaferro Washington was born into slavery in Hale’s Ford, Virginia on a local plantation. Being born into slavery, it was quite clear that Washington would never amount to much. Knowing this though, did not stop him from dreaming about the many achievements he wanted to accomplish. Washington’s passion to learn is what transformed him into, not a lowly slave, but instead: an educator, a writer and the founder of the Tuskegee Institute. Through these achievements though, Booker T. Washington became above all else, a leader. Booker T. Washington was a young boy when the Civil War ended and his family was granted freedom in 1965. Washington recalls, in his autobiography Up From Slavery, all the hardships and†¦show more content†¦Washington back to give the commencement speech at the graduation ceremonies. It was here where he caught the attention of General Armstrong. Armstrong was the president of the Hampton Institute at the time, as well as the man put in charge of finding an educated white man to run the newly approved â€Å"colored† school in Tuskegee, Alabama, appropriately named the Tuskegee Institute, instead though General Armstrong chose Washington. â€Å"These gentlemen seemed to take it for granted that no colored man suitable for the position could be secured, and they were expecting the General to recommend a white man for the place. The next day General Armstrong sent for me to come to his office, and, much to my surprise asked me if I thought I could fill the position in Alabama. † (Washington, 122) The whites were shocked that General Armstrong sent Washington, an African American, to run their school. They did not believe he could successfully lead the school but under Washington’s tenure, the Tuskegee Institute became one of the most important factors in the education of African Americans. While President of the Tuskegee Institute, Washington had a significant input in curriculum taught to the students. Through the curriculum, he put much of his own philosophies, of self-sufficiency and social segregation. Though his philosophy’s were well known throughout the area, they did not become prevalent nationwide until Washington’s famous â€Å"Atlanta Compromise Speech† ItShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Maya Angelous I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings1363 Words   |  6 PagesProclamation and the heat of the Civil Rights movement lays claim to three distinct generations: active participants in slavery, their children, and gra ndchildren. Naturally as times change, parents and children drift apart with the times, seen today in the immense rifts between the Baby Boomers and Millennials, as it has been for centuries. In fact, progress in general depends on new minds and ideas separating from their ancestors’ â€Å"old-fashioned† ways of living and thinking. Maya Angelou expertly depictedRead MoreThe Timeline Of Black History In The United States Is One1525 Words   |  7 Pagessociety through their leadership. Booker T. Washington preached another attitude of personal responsibility, a ‘pull yourself up by your bootstraps’ approach for Black youth to better themselves to contradict racial stereotypes. The perspectives of DuBois and Washington emphasize Black responsibility to solve the problems that Black Americans face in society. Conversely, Ta-Nehisi Coates argues that it is White responsibility to make reparations for the immense impediments Black Americans encounter

Managing People in a Global Context

Question: Discuss about theManaging People in a Global Context. Answer: Introduction This paper is about the human resource management practices for AirAsia, an air transport company, between two countries Malaysia and Indonesia with Malaysia as the parent country. AirAsia is a Malaysian low-cost airline. It was established in year 1993 but it starts its operations towards the end of 1996. At first it was a government owned corporation but due to heavy debts the airline was sold to Tony Femandes in 2001. Before it was sold to Tony AirAsia was unable to attract sufficient customers from Malaysia Airline thus failed to establish its market (Jiang and Li 2016). As a matter of fact, Malaysia Airlines is among the leading award charming as well as the biggest less costly airlines across Malaysia and has been growing up rapidly since dawn of the millennium. AirAsia flies to over 60 domestic and international destinations with over 100 routes, it also runs over 400 air travel on daily basis from centers located in Malaysia and Indonesia. The airline has a fleet of over 70 a irlines which has flown millions of people across the region and it keeps on creating far-reaching route networks in the country and through its associate company in Indonesia. Air carriage is one of the worlds greatest significant businesses that every organization cannot be successful in. Over the various progress and its technical services accomplishments makes it one of the utmost providers to its development in the current society. The carrier conveyance development is an exceptional one as equated to other methods of transport as it is necessary to the trade and industry progress (Nugraha, 2016). Consequently, AirAsia through its business idea Now Everyone Can Fly opens the skies for everyone. AirAsia is selected as the favorite choice of transport. HRM Practices Training and Development Training personalities is a process that is directly related to skills, knowledge and strategies which are necessary for any given specific job. This may include coaching of workers innovative skills, uncovering them to inexperienced planning, providing employees with a chance to practice and get feedback on certain styles of working with people and also buoy up people to discuss their work with each other. This can be an ongoing process throughout a staff members employment. On-the-Job Training This kind of job lets staffs learn through real performance of specific tasks. The employee will have to perform the job and through that will be learning as they goes. This kind of job may be structured by use of hands on application by the support of classroom instructions or may also be unstructured by making use of only hands-on instructions. Consequently, this type of training has got an advantage since there is immediate feedback on performance (Cummings, and Worley 2014). On the other hand it may be of disadvantage to the company since it may slow down production for the trainer and also interrupt the workflow. Job Mentoring Job mentoring involves providing employees with a skilled instructor to supervise the workers learning experience. The instructor plays the role of providing advice, instructions and not performing the job together with the employee as it is the case with on-the-job training. Here the learner worker will have to learn the job as firsthand and only consult the mentor at any given time for assistance. This kind of training is beneficial in that it inspires one-on-one training, the advisor is there to offer advice and the mentee will have to experience growth within the company (Cummings and Worley 2014). Job Rotation This type of training teaches workers ways on how to carry out various jobs over time. The employees will have to take turns around on different jobs in the company, carrying out various different responsibilities that are not linked from the original work. However, it has its own flaws such as workforce not being contented with the new cycle, the morale of employees may drop if they are shifted for an extensive period of time and to some point may also disrupt the workflow since employees get to learn new tasks. On the other hand, as a human resource boss it is essential to shape up an upright association among cultural teams within the company since employee work in a diversified society. Indeed it is a necessity to interact with the native people who serve as agencies in order to provide occupation information and services so that to enable employees to study and comprehend the companys programs (Saks, Haccoun, and Belcourt, 2010).Over and done with such programs the corporation will get to recognize the traditional settings, lives as well as the wellbeing of workers outside the place of work; on the same note it constructs a durable link by increasing appreciative and trust among employees. Accordingly in order for a company to triumph the human resource section is obliged to make sure that it battle any form of discernment so that to realize a reasonable gain over their adjacent rivals. As a result there is need to understand that there is no single organization that can flop to develop an upright crew of operational specialists minus a deep-rooted human resources team. The essential duty of the human resources management crew comprise hiring staffs, teaching them, performance evaluations, work communication, care and not over looking incentive to teams. In respect to this, individuals any known company is titled to perform a number of important activities that will make the business recognize and attain its aims and ideas. It is the duty of directors as well as human resource experts to ensure that they bring together individuals so that to efficiently be in position to carry out different undertakings that takes place inside the company. As a result, for a company to be able to operate its undertakings in a well manner it is supposed to observe and view the workers in the corporation as resources and not liabilities to the firm. Looking at individuals as resources is one of the greatest vital parts of modern human resource management (Daley, 2012). Ultimately human resource executives need to have a clearly understanding of the word diversity, diversity means substantial dissimilarities among personalities, therefore, this comprise different perceptions that are looked at as unique state of businesses and environments. In addition diversity administration is an endless practice that work together and identify the labor force and customers variances into all the various corporate management basics that consist of employee interaction, roles, services and processes, creation of comprehensive, pleasant, original and active business. Performance Management An effective performance management system is one that enhances workers morale, loyalty which increases general productivity. The main goal of talent management in most corporations is to create a maintainable and high performance organization that is be able to meet the operational and planned goals of the organization (Giacalone, and Rosenfeld, 2013). Diverse firms have their own ways of conducting team management but the general goal of the process is common in all businesses. Many employees will be forced to look for new jobs with the development of economic conditions with globalization. AirAsia is determined to spend more time to ensure it develops and retain talent not like other organizations that put tremendous efforts in attracting workers to their companies. AirAsia has confidence that a business with the right talent has the highest probabilities of succeeding and countering competition in the market. This is a crucial duty that human resource is eligible to. Talent management elements are the set of tools that a company can use to ensure that it is able to stay in the marketplace and counter all rivalry that might come about. In line with this, talent management help an organization to streamline the process of hiring and training new employees and help it to focus on activities that are related to the business (Gruman, and Saks, 2011). Moreover, it is important to note that commitment of employees, management development, and structural cultures also have abundant significance when it comes to talent retention in an organization. Talent management is a fundamental part of all teams at AirAsia Company since it helps the business in various ways such as: Engagement of employees: It is with much importance for the human resource department to see to it that it continuously keeps its personnel involved as a way of giving them a sense of belonging and development. Conversely, this is not an easy undertaking, given the overall involvedness of the function. Thus human resource managers tend to lean upon talent management applications in the development of a streamlined process. Carrying out consistent employee evaluations to keep workforces performance on track: Working according to performance evaluation is of great importance because it offers managers and staff an opportunity to discuss their performance, places of interest, goals, challenges, development needs and competencies. For workers to be in the position of performing at the best of their ability it is essential that the company gets regular feedback on what they are doing well and the areas that require improvement. Consequently, this is the time where leaders together with their employees put plans in place and be able to address these performance gaps (Walker, Damanpour, and Devece, 2010). Deliver constant feedback to maximize performance: It is beyond reasonable doubt that continuous feedback plays a significant role in ensuring expansion of return among workers. The process allows for faster corrective action in case things start to go off the rail, since it enables managers and the staff to address the issue when it is still small (Van Dooren, Bouckaert, and Halligan, 2015). Localization of HRM Practices Localization refers to the adaptation of products or services to meet the needs of local people of particular culture, language or other variables. When expanding internationally, AirAsia may consider localizing to Indonesian culture. As multinational gains valuable local resources, the local management shall face little resistance. It is cheaper to maintain a local manager than a foreign manager in the country. The culture and environment dictates the individuals based on their achievement but recruited based on their teamwork skills. The training and development standards need to be maintained. As one size does not fit all, training and development programs need to be provided to the people based on the local culture or language. A cross-cultural training program must be designed by thoroughly assessing the workforce and its needs (Xing et al. 2016). Further, AirAsia can also use the performance management tool by linking to the organizational strategy. As the culture of home country, Malaysia differs from that of host country, Indonesia. Often the corporate home office will not accept common practices and procedures found in Indonesia as a best practice and require Indonesian managers and staff to adapt to the international corporate culture. The workplace culture in Indonesia is paternalistic where the managers are treated as father figures. The employees do not voice their disagreement with the managers. In Indonesia, the collective working culture contradicts bonuses by performance. The deadlines do not matter much that leads to failure and incompetence. Further, the standardization methods in managing employees may not be successful as people across the world are not the same. The employees in Indonesia have different needs from that of Malaysian employees. Therefore, the norms and approaches followed to manage the Malaysian employees may not be successful in Indonesia. Therefore, AirAsia may consider localizing IHRM practices (Edwards et al. 2016). Type of Control An organizational structure is daunting to achieve the core objectives of the business. An organizational structure is important for the decision making, communication, evaluating employee performance, achieving goals and objectives. As airlines have multiple functions and subsidiaries, they have numerous employees working under them to satisfy millions of customers regularly. A structural-formal or bureaucratic structure may be appropriate for the organization. As organizational structure provides backbone for all operations and processes, flow of ideas, information, decisions and reporting relationships, AirAsia may follow bureaucratic processes. There are many layers of management and there is a chain of command (van der Voet 2014). The employees in the airlines shall have specific tasks and roles for the particular departments in the airlines. The duties and responsibilities shall be followed strictly as AirAsia shall have stringent policies and procedures. The formalized proponents of bureaucracy can bring out efficiency and predictability in the organization. The officials follow procedures and instructions for managing performance. There shall be no scope for favoritism in case of bureaucratic structure. Usually, there are fairly rigid vertical structures, so a performance review typically results in a promotion within the department but usually not into other departments, limiting growth and development (Harper 2014). Role of Subsidiary According to a number of studies conducted on subsidiary typologies, the different types of subsidiaries are global innovators, integrated players, implementers and local innovators. The global innovators refer to the firms having low knowledge inflow and large knowledge outflow. The global innovators are independent of their parents. The integrated players are the ones that highly engage in managing heavy information inflows as well as outflows. Further, the implementers have very low knowledge outflow as they do not engage in knowledge transfer. They rely knowledge acquired from parent firms having high knowledge inflows. Lastly, the local innovators are the subsidiaries that engage in very less in acquiring knowledge from or into the parent firms (Audretsch et al. 2012). The subsidiary of AirAsia may play the role of integrated player that is very important for its development. As there is high knowledge inflow, the parent company in Malaysia can educate with the training and development practices they follow. The approaches and practices such as job rotation, job mentoring and on-the-job training can be provided to the Indonesian subsidiary. The performance management practices such as rewarding the employees with incentives and bonuses may also be communicated to the subsidiary. Also, the practices followed in the subsidiary at Indonesia can also be communicated with Malaysian organization. The practices that shall suit the employees in Indonesia regarding training and development and performance management can be communicated with Malaysia. The parent company can adapt to the practices of managing employees and train the employees if the subsidiary finds it successful. Therefore, the role of integrated player shall be suitable for AirAsia the most (Boutellier, Gassmann and Zedtwitz 2014). Conclusion According to the above it is true that AirAsia has an exclusive way of managing its staff. The corporation chiefly focuses on staffs that are related to managerial activities by providing them with assistance in career planning and the need to retain employees. Actually this is an opportunity as employee feel contented and this makes them get driven to work to the best of their ability. AirAsia understands that the only viable competitive advantage is to make sure that workers are happy and motivated towards their work. Recommendations From the above discussion Indonesia will require more financial support so that it can be in a better position to carry out efficient training and development practices as well as performance management practices. This is not an easy task because each option demands a large sum of money in order to engage in equipping its employees with the necessary skills. In addition Malaysia is supposed to take some of its instructors to Indonesia to provide workers there with job mentoring skills. References Audretsch, D., Lehmann, E., Link, A. and Starnecker, A., 2012.Technology Transfer in a Global Economy. 1st ed. Dordrecht: Springer. Boutellier, R., Gassmann, O. and Zedtwitz, M., 2014.Managing global innovation. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Daley, D.M., 2012. Strategic human resource management. Public Personnel Management, pp.120-125. Edwards, T., Snchez-Mangas, R., Jalette, P., Lavelle, J. and Minbaeva, D., 2016. Global standardization or national differentiation of HRM practices in multinational companies? A comparison of multinationals in five countries.Journal of International Business Studies, 47(8), pp.997-1021. Giacalone, R.A. and Rosenfeld, P., 2013. Impression management in the organization. Psychology Press. Gruman, J.A. and Saks, A.M., 2011. Performance management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 21(2), pp.123-136. Harper, C., 2014.Organizations: Structures, processes and outcomes. 1st ed. Florence: Taylor and Francis. Jehanzeb, K. and Bashir, N.A., 2013. Training and development program and its benefits to employee and organization: A conceptual study. Training and Development, 5(2). Jiang, C. and Li, X., 2016. Research in Transportation Business Management. Nugraha, R.A., 2016. Airasia: Flying Cabotage Under Cloak In Indonesia And Asean. JurnalHukum Pembangunan, 45(2), pp.163-183. Saks, A.M., Haccoun, R.R. and Belcourt, M., 2010. Managing performance through training and development. Cengage Learning. van der Voet, J., 2014. The effectiveness and specificity of change management in a public organization: Transformational leadership and a bureaucratic organizational structure.European Management Journal, 32(3), pp.373-382. Van Dooren, W., Bouckaert, G. and Halligan, J., 2015. Performance management in the public sector. Routledge. Walker, R.M., Damanpour, F. and Devece, C.A., 2010. Management innovation and organizational performance: The mediating effect of performance management. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, p.muq043. Xing, Y., Liu, Y., Tarba, S. and Cooper, C., 2016. Intercultural influences on managing African employees of Chinese firms in Africa: Chinese managers HRM practices.International Business Review, 25(1), pp.28-41.